by admin | May 3, 2026
Abstract: Let \( G = (V(G), E(G)) \) be a connected graph and let \( f : V(G) \rightarrow \{0,1,2\} \) be a hop Roman dominating function (HRDF) on \( G \). If for each \( k \in \{0,1,2\} \), \( V_k = \{x \in V(G) : f(x) = k\} \), then \( f = (V_0, V_1, V_2) \). A...
